贸易冲突与行业抗争——基于近代日本加征中国丝绸关税的考察

The Trade Conflicts And The Industrial Struggles——An investigation Based on the Increase of Chinese Silk Tariffs in Modern Japan

近代史上,日本一再通过加征关税的手段,打压与其国内产业具有竞争关系的中国丝绸业,引发了严重的中日贸易冲突。以日本、朝鲜为主要出口市场的中国丝绸业者首当其冲,受损严重。为抗议日本政府迭加重税,丝绸业者通过各地工商社团发声请愿,以种种合法形式进行群体抗争,向中国和日本政府施压。这一“合群抗争”的迁延持续,激发了国人的民族主义精神,成为推动民国政府对外交涉的强大压力。这一事件提供了一个探讨近代中国出口贸易摩擦起因及后果的典型案列。通过这场中日贸易冲突的由来、发展及演变,可以观察到一个遭受外国政府高关税政策剥夺的行业有组织的政治反应。

In the modern history,Japan has repeatedly suppressed the Chinese silk industry,which has a competitive relationship with its domestic industry,through the use of tariffs,which has triggered serious Sino-Japanese trade conflicts.The Chinese silk industry,which has Japan and North Korea as its main export markets,bears the brunt and suffers serious damage.In order to protest against the Japanese government's superimposed heavy taxes,the Chinese silk industry has made petitions through various local industrial and commercial associations,carried out group protests in various legal forms,and exerted pressure on the Chinese and Japanese governments.The continuation of this united resistance has ignited the nationalist spirit of the Chinese people and has become a strong pressure to promote the diplomatic representations of the government of the Republic of China.This incident provides a typical case to explore the causes and consequences of friction in export trade in modern China.Through the origin,development and evolution of this Sino-Japanese trade conflict,an organized political reaction in an industry that has been deprived of high-tariff policies by foreign governments can be observed.