儒家知行观及其对高校立德树人的借鉴价值

The Confucian View of Knowing and Doing and Its Relevance to Contemporary Higher Education

儒家的理想人格是君子,而君子之为君子主要侧重于德行的考量,故儒家提出"君子不器"的著名观点。关于如何培养君子人格,儒家主张知行并重、知行合一,而就道德的践履而言,儒家又重行,特别肯定"行"对人格养成、价值观培育所具有的重要意义。儒家关于知与行关系的讨论及其提出的主要思想观点,对高校立德树人具有积极的借鉴意义:要把德育放在首要地位,培养德才兼备的时代新人;在重视理论知识传授的同时,要培养学生学以致用的能力;要把理论与实践结合起来,重视发挥实践的育人功能,以知促行,以行求知;要重视发挥师德的示范效应,培育学生的敬畏之心。

The ideal personality advocated by Confucianism is the"virtuous man",defined by virtue instead of instrumentality.Therefore,the Confucian stresses the cultivation of virtuous men on both knowing and doing.In terms of moral practice,Confucianism emphasizes the importance of"doing"to the cultivation of personality and values.The Confucian discussion on the relationship between knowledge and practice and its main ideas are of positive reference significance to moral education in colleges and universities.It is necessary to put moral education at the forefront and to cultivate new talents with both morality and ability.While attaching importance to the transfer of theoretical knowledge,people should also cultivate students’ability to apply what they have learned.We should combine theory with practice,attach importance to the function of educating people in practice,use knowledge to promote behaviors,and seek knowledge;pay attention to the demonstration effect of teacher morality and cultivate students’awe.