走出迷茫的理性人——论自由与内容规范性的关系

The Rational Agent Stepping out of Confusion——on the Relationship Between Freedom and Content Normativity

关于意向性的规范主义认为一切有内容的意向状态都是规则遵循的,因此自由与内容规范性是否相容成为规范主义必须回应的问题。康德和布兰顿从概念之间的划分与联结入手证明了规则对于语义的优先性,并且通过把“规则”置换为“形式”的方法,得出了关于自由与内容规范性的强相容论结论。但是他们只考察了积极自由与消极自由,如果把“作为备选能力的自由”也考虑进来,那么弱相容论比强相容论更为合理。

According to the intentional normativism, a contentful intentional state is rule-following. Thus, whether freedom and content normativity are compatible becomes a question which needs a careful response. Both Kant and Brandom provide their arguments for the priority of norm to meaning, starting from addressing the division and connection between concepts. They also replace "norm" with "form", through which a strong compatibilist conclusion about freedom and content normativity is drawn. But the exploration of both Kant and Brandom is limited to positive freedom and negative freedom, and if the freedom as " ability to do otherwise " is taken into consideration , weak compatibilism will be more defendable than the strong one.