随附性论证与普遍化问题研究

The Study on Supervenience Argument and Generalization Problem

金在权提出的随附性论证表明,非还原物理主义者在解释心理因果关系问题时必然面对因果排斥性问题。为避免这一问题,物理主义者要么选择还原,要么承认心理因果惰性。布洛克等人提出普遍化问题用来针对随附性论证的适用性,表明随附性论证必然导致随附性质的因果力普遍流失。普遍化问题可以归纳为三种形式,分别涉及高层级性质、高层阶性质和微观-基础性质。面对这三类普遍化问题的挑战,金在权最终提出了条件还原主义。然而,这一立场同随附性论证的最初目标相违背。

The supervenience argument proposed by Kim indicates that the nonreductive physicist will be inevitably affected by causal exclusion problem in explaining mental causal relations. To aviod this problem, physicalists choose either reduction or causal impotence. Generalization problem of the application of supervenience argument raised by Block,et al, showed that supervenience argument may lead to causal powers widely draining away. Gen eralization problem can be summed up into three forms, which involve higher level property, higher order property and micro based property. Challenged by these three different types of generalization problem, Kim finally put forward the conditional reductionism, which is against the real aim of the supervenience argument.