摘要
"恶人"或者"恶性"这一概念常用于对道德主体进行描述与评价,而能否做出准确的描述或是公允的评价要求对"恶性"有清晰的界定。当下对恶性的哲学讨论主要有三种进路:恶行进路、心理诊断进路以及品性进路。恶行进路面临诸多问题,其中最大的困难在于无法解释人们对恶人的一些直觉。心理诊断进路着眼于挖掘恶人本质的心理特征,但任意一种诊断均会面临恶性的过宽过窄问题。一种整合各种心理诊断的策略可望解决恶性的过宽过窄问题,但这种整合的可能性在于,要么引入恶的一致性要求,要么引入恶性的多轨结构。而恶的一致性要求和恶性的多轨结构是一种基于品性的恶性解释的应有之义,在这种意义上,品性进路更为优越。
Evil character or evil personhood is always used to describe and evaluate some moral agent, which de pends on clear conceptualization of evil character. Three ways are expected to define evil character, by appealing to evil act, mental diagnosis as well as character traits. Evil act approach confronts several problems, one of which is it can't explain our common sense of evil people. Mental diagnosis approach focuses on the substantial mental states of evil people, but the varied prescriptions from different philosophers lead to the loose-or-strict problem that any prescription is either too loose or too strict. The motive-integrating method could solve the problem unless it introduced the consistence condition or the multi-tract structure of evil character, both of which are commitment of character traits approach. By this way, character traits approach is preferable.
作者
黎红勤
LI Hong-qin(Sun Yat-Sen University,Department of Philosophy,Guangzhou 510275,China)
出处
《科学技术哲学研究》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第3期53-58,共6页
Studies in Philosophy of Science and Technology
关键词
恶性
恶行
心理诊断
品性
evil character
evil behavior
mental diagnosis approach
character traits