山东省城市中小学生运动与膳食现状及影响因素分析

Exercise and dietary behaviors among primary and middle school students in Shangdong Province and the related risk factors

目的了解山东省中小学生膳食与运动相关的知识、态度及行为现状,为有针对性地对中小学生进行膳食与运动健康教育提供理论依据。方法采用分层整群随机抽样方法,对山东省3所城市部分中小学生6 161名进行饮食和运动情况问卷调查。结果小学生每天吃早餐的报告率为85.0%,高于中学生的75.3%(χ~2=84.0,P<0.01),性别比较差异无统计学意义;小学生平均每天运动60 min及以上的报告率为41.2%,高于中学生的29.6%(χ~2=270.0,P<0.01),性别比较男生(39.2%)高于女生(28.7%)(χ~2=90.4,P<0.01)。小学生运动与膳食知识的知晓率为44.4%,低于中学生的55.8%(χ~2=702.0,P<0.01),性别比较男生(50.4%)略低于女生(51.9%)(χ~2=12.4,P<0.01);每天早餐行为的影响因素分别为父母职业、母亲文化程度和知识总分;每天运动60 min及以上的影响因素分别为学生性别、父亲职业、母亲文化程度和知识总分(P值均<0.05)。结论对青少年加强合理饮食教育的同时,也应加强对其膳食行为的干预,家庭、学校及有关部门应通过多种形式采取切实可行措施确保体育锻炼的时间和强度。

Objective To investigate knowledge, attitudes, and practice on exercise and dietary behaviors among the primary and middle school pupils in Shandong province, and to provide a theoretical basis for a targeted education on diet and physical health among the primary and middle school students. Methods A questionnaire survey was conducted among 6 161 students from 3 cities in Shandong province by random cluster sampling. Results Self-reported rate of having breakfast every day for primary and middle school students were 85.0% and 75.3%,respectively(χ^2=84.0,P<0.01). 41.2% of primary school students were reported to do physical exercises more than 60 minutes every day and the rate was only 29.6% for middle school students(χ^2=270.0,P<0.01). 39.2% of boys were reported to do physical exercises more than 60 minutes every day and the rate was 28.7% for the girls(χ^2=90.4,P<0.01). The awareness rates of knowledge about dietary and physical exercise among primary and middle school students were 44.4% and 55.8%, respectively(χ^2=702.0,P<0.01). The awareness rates among boys and girls were 50.4% and 51.9% respectively(χ^2=12.4,P<0.01). Parents’ occupation, knowledge score and education level of mother were influencing factors of breakfast behavior everyday. The physical exercise was influenced by gender, parents’ occupation, knowledge score and education level of mother. Conclusion It is necessary to educate students to take healthy diet and have more physia1 activities. Families, schools and government departments need to take feasible measures to ensure the time and intensity of pupils’ physical exercise through many ways.