基于Shapley值的高层建筑火灾安全灰色聚类评价

Grey Clustering Evaluation of Fire Safety of High-rise Buildings Based on Shapley Value

高层建筑火灾安全评价指标具有动态变化、非线性、非可加性和灰色性等特点,致使管理人员难以对高层建筑火灾安全作出合理判断。为科学、合理地对高层建筑火灾安全进行评价,提出基于Shapley值的高层建筑火灾安全灰色聚类评价方法。该方法先从建筑阻燃及构造、消防救援措施、自动灭火系统、自动报警系统、电气设备、安全疏散措施、火灾荷载、消防管理8个方面构建高层建筑火灾安全评价指标体系;然后运用Shapley值复合赋权方法量化分析不同指标组合对权重和目标的影响,并基于灰色白化权函数利用已知指标信息拟合出全部指标对目标的综合作用;最后将该方法运用于某高层建筑火灾的安全评价,评价结果表明该高层建筑火灾的安全性高。该研究可为高层建筑火灾安全评价提供一种新的方法。

With the features of the fire safety evaluation index of high-rise buildings as dynamic change,nonlinearity ,non-additivity and grey characteristics,it is difficult for managers to make a reasonable judgment on the fire safety of high-rise buildings. This paper applies the Shapley value and grey clustering method to the fire safety evaluation of high-rise buildings. Firstly,the paper constructs the fire safety evaluation index system of high-rise buildings from eight aspects:fire retardant,fire prevention and construction,fire rescue measures, automatic fire extinguishing system, automatic alarm system, electrical equipment, safety evacuation measures,fire load and management factors.Then,the paper uses the Shapley value to quantify the impact of different combination of indicators on weight and objectives. Furthermore,based on the grey whitening weight function, the paper fits the comprehensive effect of all the indexes on the target by the known index information. The paper applies the mothed to the fire safety evaluation of Yuecheng 2 residential area.The evaluation results shows that the building has high fire safety. The study proves the feasibility of the new research method.