儿童特应质与呼吸道感染易感性

Atopy and susceptibility to respiratory infections in children

特应质与呼吸道感染之间有密切联系。呼吸道感染是特应质进展为变应性疾病的重要致病因素。特应质儿童易发生呼吸道感染,且感染后症状较严重,持续时间较久。其可能机制在于特应质儿童,尤其是支气管哮喘(哮喘)患儿存在以上皮细胞屏障功能下降和干扰素分泌不足的天然免疫缺陷以及辅助性T淋巴细胞(Th)2占优势的获得性免疫失衡。另外,哮喘等特应质儿童还存在异常的呼吸道病原微生物定殖及潜伏感染现象,使特应质儿童易发生呼吸道感染。特应质儿童发生呼吸道感染时往往存在感染性炎症和变应性炎症并存现象。因而在处理特应质儿童呼吸道感染时要重视抗变应性炎症治疗。

There is a close relationship between atopy and respiratory infections.Respiratory infections are regarded as one of the most important factors during allergic diseases development from atopy.Children with atopic diseases are not only predisposition to respiratory infections, but also display server symptom and long-lasting course during respiratory infections.Defection in innate immunity characterized by compromised epithelial barrier and low interferon response to virus infection and dysregulation of adaptive immunity characterized by predominant T-helper (Th)2 immune response are the potential causes.Children with a topic diseases such as asthma usually have abnormal microbe colonization or latent infection.Those factors maybe response for predisposition to respiratory infections in atopic children.On the other hand, children with atopic diseases are usually invoked with both infective inflammation and allergic inflammation during respiratory infections.Therefore, antiallergic inflammation therapy should be emphasized in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in atopic children.