中国一流大学建设高校科研差异及态势

Differences and Trends of Scientific Research in the Construction of First-class Universities in China

为有针对性地推动中国高校走向世界一流大学的目标,以41所中国一流大学建设高校为研究对象,应用数据包络分析(DEA)和Malmquist指数,从静态和动态两角度测度其2013-2017年间的科研效率。研究发现:静态上,这些高校整体科研水平较高,区域间科研效率呈现东部>西部>中部>东北的差异,不同高校属性分类中综合类科研效率最高、理工类次之;动态上,研究期限内这些高校的科研全要素生产率受技术进步指标影响,总体呈现小幅上升趋势,东部与中部和西部的科研效率区域差距拉大、与东北部的缩小,农林类高校科研效率稳步提升。总之,中国一流大学建设高校的内部科研差距继续存在,但整体上差异将不断缩小。

In order to aim at promoting Chinese universities to be world-class universities, this paper takes 41 firstclass universities in China as research objects, and applies data envelopment analysis(DEA) and Malmquist index(DEA)to measure the efficiency of scientific research in 2013-2017 from both static and dynamic perspectives. The results show that, in static state, the overall scientific research level of these universities is high, and the efficiency of regional scientific research presents the difference of east > west > central > northeast, and the efficiency of comprehensive scientific research is the highest in the attribute classification of different universities, followed by the science and technology;dynamically, the total factor productivity of scientific research in these universities during the research period is affected by the index of technological progress, showing a slight upward trend as a whole, the regional gap in the efficiency of scientific research between the eastern and central and western regions is widening, while the regional disparity is narrowing between the east and the northeast, and the scientific research efficiency in agricultural and forestry universities is steady improvement. In short, the internal scientific research gap of China’s first-class universities continues to exist, but the overall differences will continue to narrow.