绿色风电企业与非绿色风电企业的运营效率比较研究——基于Malmquist-DEA模型分析

Comparative Study on Operational Efficiency of Green Wind Power Enterprises and Non-Green Wind Power Enterprises: Based on the Malmquist-DEA Model Analysis

风电是清洁能源,但是在风电机组制造、风电场建设和运营等某些环节上或多或少仍存在着能效不高、对环境有负面影响等问题。文章依据Clean 200组织发布的全球绿色公司200强榜单,以及是否有绿色电力证书将风电分为绿色企业和非绿色企业两类,并分别选取各10家企业,采用2009—2016年的相关数据,运用DEA模型进行投入与产出分析,在此基础上利用Malmquist指数模型进行了动态效率的评价。结果表明:绿色风电企业无论综合效率、纯技术效率还是规模效率均高于非绿色风电企业;绿色风电企业的设备技术、电场选址优化以及网架容量及运输等研发均对风电行业"绿色发展"有显著影响,风电装备技术取得显著进步;绿色风电企业的规模效率显著,大规模风电并网具有显著成本效益,是绿色发展重要的因素。

Wind power is a clean energy source, but there are still some problems such as low energy efficiency and negative impact on the environment in some aspects such as wind turbine manufacturing, wind farm construction and operation. According to the list of the top 200 green companies in the world published by clean 200 organizations and whether the company has green certificate, wind power enterprises are divided into two categories: green enterprises and non-green enterprises. Ten enterprises in each category are selected, relevant data from 2009 to 2016 are used to do input and output analysis using DEA model. Based on this, Malmquist index model is used to evaluate the dynamic efficiency. The results show that green wind power enterprises have higher overall efficiency, pure technical efficiency and scale efficiency than nongreen wind power enterprises. R&D, such as equipment technology, electric field siting optimization, and grid capacity and transportation, have a significant impact on the "green development" of the wind power industry, and significant progress has been made in wind power equipment technology. The scale efficiency of wind power enterprises is remarkable, large-scale wind power grid-connection has significant cost-effectiveness which plays an important role in green development.