长三角地区贸易开放度与雾霾污染的关系研究

Study on the Relation between Trade Openness and Haze Pollution in Yangtze River Delta

在加强大气污染防治、打赢蓝天保卫战的行动规划指导下,探寻贸易与环境间的协调机制变得尤为重要。文章基于1998-2016年长三角地区三省一市的面板数据,在考虑内生性问题的条件下,采用工具变量法进行2SLS回归估计,研究贸易开放度对雾霾污染的影响。实证结果表明,长三角地区贸易开放度的提高将会加重雾霾污染水平,且出口开放度的影响效应大于进口,"污染避风港假说"在该区是成立的。此外,长三角地区人均收入和雾霾污染之间呈现正"U"型关系。针对上述结论,文章给出了合理的解释,并从贸易开放、产业结构、公众意识等方面提出有关雾霾治理的政策性建议。

Under the guidance of action plans to strengthen the prevention of air pollution and win the blue sky defense war, it is particularly important to explore the coordination mechanism between trade and environment. Based on the panel data of three provinces and one city in the Yangtze River Delta region from 1998 to 2016, this paper studies the impact of trade openness on haze pollution by means of 2SLS regression estimation under the condition of considering the endogenous problem. The empirical results show that the increase of trade openness in the Yangtze River Delta region will aggravate the level of haze pollution, and the effect of export openness is greater than that of import. The "Pollution Shelter Hypothesis" is established in this region. In addition, there is a positive "U" type relationship between per capita income and haze pollution in the Yangtze River Delta. In view of the above conclusions, this paper gives a reasonable explanation and puts forward policy recommendations on haze governance from the aspects of trade openness, industrial structure and public awareness.