1820-1964年苏皖地区农村居民点用地数量估计与空间网格化重建

Dataset Establishment and Spatial Reconstruction of Rural Residential Land of Jiangsu and Anhui Province from 1820 to 1964

农村居民点是农村土地利用的重要类型之一,其空间格局与变化特征是土地利用/覆被变化研究的重要内容。受限于我国古代自给自足的农业经济形式,农村居民点用地体现并控制着特定区域的土地利用活动情况,但因文献记载少、空间差异大、易受灾异战乱影响等特征,对历史时期农时居民点用地进行数量估计和空间格局重建的研究尚不多见。本研究以现江苏省和安徽省(苏皖地区)为研究区,在解析传统居住文化和发展模式的基础上,结合数量控制和空间配置准则,选取1820-1864年间历史数据较为丰富的5个典型时间断面(1820年、1911年、1936年、1946年和1964年),重建形成了100m×100m空间网格下的农村居民点用地空间格局。在数量重建方面,以历史人口数据为基砒,分析苏皖地区的居住特色、区域差异和人居生产生活用地特征,通过家庭户数和户均用地面积确定用地数量;在空间格局重建方面,基于最小累计阻力模型,综合农村居民点用地空间分布特征,构建了历史农村居民点用地分布及演化模型。研究结果表明:每个时间断面下农村居民点用地面积分别估计为2617.14km^2、3301.46km^2、4108.61km^2、4430.91km^2和4882.31km^2;空间格局上苏皖地区农村居民点用地在空间特征上表现为以长江、淮河、太湖、洪溼湖等水网力中心,多集中在沿湖泊水系平坦地带;在空间扩展上呈现岀从平原地区向丘陵(氏山地区不断扩散。通过空间数量与格局验证方式,将重建结果与中国历史地理信息系统数据库中1820和1911年数据结果,以及1930年代和1950年代测绘地形图进行比对分析,验证了重建结果的合理性。

The rural residential land is one of the most important types of land use in rural areas. Its spatial pattern and changing characteristics are important contents of the research on land use/cover change (LUCC). Historically, China has long been in a feudal self-sufficient agricultural society and natural economy. The rural residential land is an important factor in reflecting and controlling land-use activities in the region. However, due to the lack of documentation, large spatial differences and to the influence of war and chaos, the research on the dataset establishment and spatial reconstruction of rural residential land in the historical period are still rare. This study, based on the analysis of the traditional residential culture and its development model, aims to reconstruct the spatial distribution of rural residential land for several selected time intersections from 1820-1964 in Jiangsu and Anhui province with the solution of lOOmxlOOm. In the aspect of quantity reconstruction, based on the historical demographic data, this study analyzes the residential characteristics, regional differences, production and living characteristics of land use in Jiangsu and Anhui province, calculates the quantity of land use with the number of households and the average land use per household. In the aspect of spatial pattern reconstruction, considering the continuity of rural residential land distribution and other related spatial constraints, the study builds a historical rural residential land distribution and evolutionary model based on the least-cost distance model. The methods of model establishment, parameter revision, and result verification are given. The results show as follows: 1) the amount of rural residential land under each section is estimated to be 2617.14km^2, 3301.46km^2, 4108.61km^2, 4430.91km^2, and 4882.31km^2, respectively;2) the spatial distribution of rural residential land features a tendency to be approaching the Yangtze River, Huaihe River, Taihu Lake, Hongze Lake and other water bodies, and higher concentration in plain;3) the spatial expansion of rural residential land features a continuous spread from the plains to the hilly area. Compared with the CHGIS database and the historical topographic maps, the rationality of the reconstruction results has been verified, with respect to both quantity and spatial pattern.