青岛市李沧区6个月～3岁儿童眼病筛查结果分析

Analysis on the eye diseases screening of children aged 6 months to 3 years old in Licang district of Qingdao

目的早期发现儿童眼病并进行干预可以改善儿童视力。儿童眼病筛查主要集中在托幼机构和学校,筛查对象主要是针对>3岁儿童。本研究初步探讨基于社区医院6个月~3岁低龄儿童眼病筛查的模式及患病情况。方法选择2018-01-10-2018-05-19在青岛市李沧区新阳光社区、浮山社区和大枣园社区卫生服务中心进行眼部筛查的6个月~3岁儿童为研究对象。由社区医院发放儿童眼部筛查的知情告知书,登记并组织筛查,对可疑眼部异常的儿童由眼科专家在社区复查,确定需要转诊的受检儿童,将需要转诊的儿童进行登记并追踪随访。结果参加筛查的儿童共1 269名,男672名,女587名,筛查应答比例为13.64%。屈光度数筛查结果显示,中、高度远视26例(2.05%),屈光参差16例(1.26%),近视6例(0.47%);斜视检查结果显示,间歇性外斜视4例(0.32%),恒定性外斜视1例(0.01%),内斜视1例(0.01%);倒睫56例(4.41%),上睑下垂1例(0.01%),新生儿泪囊炎11例(0.87%);不同年龄段中高度远视(χ~2=3.85,P<0.05)、倒睫(χ~2=5.39,P<0.05)及新生儿泪囊炎(χ~2=4.46,P<0.05)检出情况比较,差异有统计学意义。结论以社区医院为中心的筛查-复诊模式对低龄儿童眼部检查是一种有效的方法。早期发现儿童眼部疾病并指导家长进行干预对儿童眼部健康有益。

OBJECTIVE Early screening of eye diseases in children and early intervening can improve their eyesight.Usually,the sites to perform the screening mainly locate in the kingdergarten and primarily school.The subjects who receive the screening are children aged over 3 years old.This paper focuses on the model of screening and the distribution of the eye diseases in the groups aged 6 months to 3 years old based on the district hospital.METHODS Children aged6 months to 3 years were selected from Health Service Centers of Xinyang Community,Fushan Community and Dazaoyuan Community in Licang District of Qingdao City from January 10,2018 to May 19,2018.Firstly,the informed notification were given out by the district hospital.Secondly,the information of the children who would attend the detection were registered.Thirdly,the screening were organized.The children who were suspected to have eye disorders were re-examined by the ophthalmologist in the district hospital.The referred children were decided by the ophthalmologist and the information were written down in order to follow up.RESULTS A total of 1 269 children were screened,672 males and 587 females.The screening response rate was 13.64%.The results of diopter screening showed that 26 cases(2.05%)had moderate and high hyperopia,16 cases(1.26%)had anisometropia,6 cases(0.47%)had myopia,4 cases(0.32%)had intermittent exotropia,1 case(0.01%)had constant exotropia,1 case(0.01%)had esotropia,56 cases(4.41%)had trichiasis and1 case(0.01%)had ptosis.There were 11 cases(0.87%)of neonatal dacryocystitis.There were significant differences in moderate and high hyperopia(χ^2=3.85,P<0.05),trichiasis(χ^2=5.39,P<0.05)and neonatal dacryocystitis(χ^2=4.46,P<0.05)between different age groups.CONCLUSIONS The screening-reexamined model based on the district hospital to examine the young children's eye diseases is an effective way.Earlier Screening to find the eye disorder and to guide the parents are benefits for the children's eye health.