家庭-工作冲突对医护人员职业压力与职业倦怠影响

Effect of the family-work conflict on the occupational stress and burnout of medical staff

目的工作与家庭冲突是指个体的工作和家庭角色压力不相容时产生的冲突,对医护人员职业压力和职业倦态起着重要作用。本研究分析某医院医护人员职业压力现状,探讨家庭-工作冲突对医护人员职业压力与职业倦怠的影响。方法选择2017-06-12-2018-02-25黄河三角洲地区某省属三级公立医院1065名医护人员作为研究对象。采用职业压力量表、家庭-工作冲突量表和职业倦怠量表对其进行测验,采用SPSS 21.0对数据进行统计学分析。结果医护人员职业压力均数为91.64,职业倦怠均数2.24,家庭-工作冲突均数29.57,均高于平均水平,医护人员职业压力、家庭-工作冲突和职业倦怠水平均比较高。护士职业压力得分为(33.71±7.00)分,高于医生的(32.35±9.11)分,t=-2.75,P=0.006;家庭-工作冲突得分为(46.42±15.31)分,低于医生的(49.59±12.09)分,t=3.63,P<0.001;职业倦怠得分为(67.54±10.51)分,高于医生的(63.73±9.95)分,t=-5.96,P<0.001。多元线性逐步回归分析结果显示,消极适应(t=-3.82,P=0.045)、去个性化(t=-2.65,P=0.039)、成就感低落(t=-10.14,P=0.032)和情绪耗竭(t=-3.22,P=0.011)维度对医护人员家庭-工作冲突有影响。结论医护人员家庭-工作冲突越强,职业压力水平越高,职业倦怠越严重。护士工作负荷和职业风险大,职业压力高于医生。医生因高强度的工作更加难以照顾到家庭,家庭-工作冲突得分高于护士。

OBJECTIVE Work-family conflict refers to the conflict generated when the individual’s work and family role pressure are incompatible,which plays an important role in the medical workers’ occupational stress and occupational burnout.The study aims to explore the effect of the family-work conflict on the occupational stress and burnout of medical staff by collecting and studying the current situation of occupational stress of them.METHODS A total of 1065 medical staff from a provincial tertiary public hospital in the Yellow River Delta region from June 12,2017 to February 25,2018 were selected as the subjects of study.Occupational stress scale,family-work conflict scale and job burnout scale were used to test them.SPSS 21.0 was used to analyze the data.RESULTS The mean of medical workers’ occupational stress was 91.64,the mean of occupational burnout was 2.24,and the mean of family-work conflict was 29.57.Both of them were above average.The level of medical workers’ occupational stress,family-work conflict and occupational burnout was relatively high.The score of occupational stress of nurses was(33.71±7.00),higher than that of doctors(32.35±9.11),t=-2.75,P=0.006.The score of family-work conflict was(46.42±15.31),lower than that of doctors(49.59±12.09),t=3.63,P<0.001.The score of burnout was(67.54±10.51),higher than that of doctors(63.73±9.95).t=-5.96,P<0.001.There were significant differences in negative adaptation(t=-3.82,P=0.045),de-personalization(t=-2.65,P=0.039),low sense of achievement(t=-10.14,P=0.032) and emotional exhaustion(t=-3.22,P=0.011).CONCLUSIONS The stronger the family-work conflict is,the higher the stress level is,and the worse the burnout is.Nurses’ workload and occupational risk are high,and occupational stress is higher than that of doctors.Doctors find it more difficult to care for their families because of high-intensity work,and their scores for family-work conflict are higher than nurses’.