我国高等教育大众化道路的历史考察——基于发展型政府理论的分析

The Historical Investigation on the Higher Education Massification in China

我国高等教育大众化经历了初期强调绩效和资源与组织动员基础上的快速发展、中期激活地方政府和高校发展动能后的持续扩张,以及后期规模压力倒逼下的治理与发展转轨三个阶段,取得了高等教育规模扩大、体系趋于完备、国际地位快速上升、地方和高校自主性逐步增强等重大成就。借助发展型政府理论.发现我国高等教育大众化的成就源于有为政府的责任意识和对国家自主性的有效运用.但其带来的激励错位、高校自主性受限和对市场的遮蔽等问题使高等教育内涵建设受困于外延式发展惯性。我国高等教育要突破规模压力,摆脱外延式发展惯性,实现内涵式发展.必须在坚持国家自主性的前提下使政府、社会和高等教育系统在制度嵌入互动中实现协同治理。

Higher education massification in China has experienced the rapid development of performance and the mobilization of resource in the early stage, the sustained expansion in the middle period, and the governance transition forced by pressure of scale in the later. Great achievements have been achieved in the scale of higher education, the perfection of the system, the rapid rise of international status, and the gradual enhancement of local and university autonomy. With the help of the theory of developmental government, it is found that the achievement stems from the government accountability and the effective use of national autonomy. In the other hand, the misplaced government motivation, the limitation of the autonomy of universities and the masking of the market make higher education trapped in the inertia of the extended development. To solve the above mentioned questions, collaborative governance among the government, society and higher education should be achieved in the system embedded in interaction with the precondition of national autonomy.