上诉利益的判断标准

Criteria for Judging Appeal Interests

上诉利益是诉的利益在二审程序中的具体体现,是开启二审程序筛选机制的"关口"。关于上诉利益的判断标准,学说上有新实体法不服说、形式不服说、旧实体法不服说三种观点,同时与二审的审判类型相关。我国现行民事诉讼立法既无上诉要件的实质要求,也缺少上诉利益的判断标准,二审程序的启动完全由当事人控制,导致滥用上诉权、拖延诉讼、司法成本浪费等问题。在制度层面,有必要确立上诉利益的理念及其判断标准,以保证既不侵害当事人行使上诉权,又保证上诉审程序发挥功能,实现公平正义。就方法论而言,应注重实体利益与程序利益、国家利益与个人利益、实体法不服说与形式不服说三个方面的结合。从民事诉讼法修改的角度看,建议设置禁止利益变更、禁止不利益变更原则及附带上诉制度。

Appeal interest is the direct representation of the benefits brought by litigations in the appellate court,and the "screening button" on whether to launch the trial of second instance.With regard to evaluating appeal interest,there are three schools of thoughts in legal academia– new substantive disagreement,formal disagreement,and old substantive disagreement and they believe that the appeal interest is related to the type of trials in the appellate court.In China’s current Civil Procedure Law,there are no substantial requirements on reviewing the merits of appeals.Neither are there criteria for evaluating appeal interest.The litigators fully dictate the filing of an appeal,leading to the abuse of the right to appeal,the delay of legal procedures,and the waste of cost of proceedings.To address this issue institutionally,there should be a framework establishing the definition of appeal interest and the criteria for evaluating appeal interest.On the one hand,it will not infringe upon litigators’ right to appeal;on the other hand,it can ensure that the appellate procedure is functional,and that justice prevails.In terms of methodology,an emphasis should be placed on the following three areas of integration:between substantive interests and procedural ones,between national interests and individual ones,as well as between substantive disagreement and formal one.From the perspectives of civil procedure law amendments,there should be provisions prohibiting interest change,aprinciple of prohibiting alteration for interests,along with an incidental appeal rule.