公民扭送权:本质探寻与规范续造

Citizen's Arrest:Essence Exploration and Norm Rebuilding

我国法学界关于扭送权的现有研究成果,不论就其数量还是质量来说均严重落后于司法实践的需要。为扭送权增添不成文的限度要件,并不违反罪刑法定原则。扭送权是从国家刑事追诉权中派生出来的一项辅助性权利;以紧急权体系为分析框架,它本质上应当属于以社会团结原则为正当化根基的转嫁型紧急权,其行使限度需要严格接受狭义比例原则的制约。扭送行为所欲实现的保障刑事诉讼安定性的利益,须大体高于它所损害的犯罪嫌疑人的利益。首先,即使符合适当性和必要性的要求,也不允许扭送者采取足以导致犯罪嫌疑人重伤死亡的重度暴力手段。其次,当轻度扭送行为引起了重伤死亡结果时,该结果无法得到正当化,扭送人是否成立犯罪,就取决于客观与主观两方面的归责判断。

The existing Chinese academic research results on citizens’ arrest are seriously lagging behind the needs of judicial practice in terms of both quantity and quality.Adding unwritten limits to citizens’ arrest right does not violate the principle of legality.The right of citizens’ arrest is an auxiliary right derived from the power to prosecute.Taking the emergency right as the analytical framework,it should essentially belong to the transfer-type emergency right based on the principle of social solidarity,and its exercise limit needs to be strictly restricted by the narrow proportionality principle.The interests realizing by the citizens’ arrest conduct in order to protect the stability of the criminal proceedings,should be substantially higher than the harm that it causes on the criminal suspects.First of all,even if it meets the requirements of appropriateness and necessity,the person who exercise the citizens’ right is not allowed to take severe violent means that can cause serious injury or death to the suspect.Secondly,when the minor citizens’ arrest behavior causes serious injury or death results,the result cannot be justified.Whether the person who exercise the citizens’ right should be criminal responsible should be determined based on objective and subjective imputation.