非物质文化遗产传承群体与代表性传承人关系问题刍议

On the Complication of the Relation of Intangible Cultural Heritage Successors and Groups

本文首先通过辨明非物质文化遗产与物质文化遗产的区别,提出前者的传承群体和代表性传承人特性,指出二者关系问题所在,然后详细分析“苇编技艺”和“十二木卡姆”两个实例,表明二者关系问题在不同非遗项目中的复杂性,最后在技艺传授、人际结构、代表性质和历史依赖四个方面作出探讨,希望能有助于问题从理论走向实际层面。

This paper firstly distinguishes the differences between Intangible Cultural Heritage and Material Cultural Heritage, pointi ng out the characteristics of the inheriting groups and presentative in heritors of the former and the issues in questi on. Then two examples, namely the ''Craftsmanship of reeds" and the "Twelve Maqams", are analyzed in details to reveal the complication in individual topics. Finally, the discussion goes on to four aspects of skill impartation, interpersonal relationship, representative nature and historical dependence, meaning to help the transition from theoretical to practical level.