2014-2018年长沙市青年学生艾滋病哨点监测结果分析

Sentinel surveillance of HIV/AIDS among young students in Changsha City, 2014-2018

目的了解长沙市青年学生艾滋病知识知晓、接受预防艾滋病干预服务及性行为状况,为今后制定实施青年学生艾滋病防控措施提供依据。方法从中国疾病预防控制信息系统-艾滋病防治基本信息系统及艾滋病专题调查信息管理系统导出2014-2018年长沙市青年学生艾滋病哨点监测数据,用SPSS 18.0软件分析各年度监测青年学生基本信息及艾滋病相关知信行特征。结果 2014-2018年监测的4 000名学生艾滋病防治知识总知晓率92.6%,各年分别为87.0%、91.5%、93.4%、91.8%、99.4%,知晓率呈逐年上升趋势(χ■=72.949,P<0.001),男生与女生的知晓率水平均呈上升趋势,2016年及以前男生知晓率高于女生,2017年起两者知晓率水平无差异;最近1年接受过预防艾滋病干预服务总干预率为60.5%,历年分别为45.5%、45.1%、61.2%、65.4%、85.0%,五年干预率有明显上升(χ■=329.534,P<0.001),除2015年,不同性别干预率水平差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。6.8%的监测对象有过性行为,首次性行为平均年龄(18.9±1.4)岁,首次性行为安全套使用率为55.5%。有性行为的监测对象中,最近1年与固定性伴、临时性伴、商业性伴和同性性伴均有性行为发生,分别为44.2%、16.0%、2.9%、1.1%。结论长沙市青年学生对于艾滋病防治知识的掌握已达到国家要求水平,但自我保护和防范意识有欠缺,存在感染的高危行为。建议高校艾防工作应针对学生人群特点,加大艾防工作力度。

Objective To investigate the current situation of awareness of HIV/AIDS knowledge, receiving prevention services and sexual behavior among young students in Changsha City, and to provide a basis for formulating HIV/AIDS prevention and control measures. Methods The data about sentinel surveillance of HIV/AIDS among young students in Changsha City during 2014-2018 were downloaded from China Information System for Disease Control and Prevention-Basic Information System for AIDS Prevention and Control and Information Management System for AIDS Special Investigation, and SPSS18.0 software was used to analyze the general information and HIV/AIDS-related knowledge, attitude and behavior features of young students monitored in each year. Results Among 4,000 students monitored in 2014-2018, the overall awareness rate of HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment knowledge was 92.6%, and the awareness rate in each year was 87.0%, 91.5%, 93.4%, 91.8% and 99.4% respectively, with an increasing trend year by year (χ2tendency=72.949, P<0.001). The awareness rates of boys and girls were both on the rise. The awareness rates in 2014, 2015 and 2016 were higher in boys than in girls, but no statistically significant differences were found in the awareness rates in 2017 and 2018 between the genders. The overall intervention rate of students receiving HIV/AIDS prevention services in the recent one year was 60.5%, and the intervention rate in each year were 45.5%, 45.1%, 61.2%, 65.4% and 85.0% respectively, with an obvious increasing trend in the 5-year period(χ2tendency=329.534, P<0.001). No statistically significant differences were observed in the intervention rate between the genders except 2015 (P>0.05). 6.8% of the monitored students had experienced sexual behavior, and the age at first sexual intercourse was (18.9±1.4) years old, with the condom using rate at first sexual intercourse being 55.5%. Among the monitored students with sexual behavior, the rates of having sexual behavior with fixed, temporary, commercial and homosexual partners in the recent one year were 44.2%, 16.0%, 2.9% and 1.1% respectively. Conclusions The level of HIV/AIDS prevention and treatment knowledge in young students in Changsha City has reached the requirement of the national standard, but the students lack self-protection and prevention awareness, with the high risk behavior of infection. The results suggest that HIV/AIDS prevention work in colleges should be strengthened based on the characteristics of student population.