明代文言小说汇编体例述论

Discussion on compilation styles of Chinese classical fiction in the Ming Dynasty

明代是文言小说汇编的鼎盛时期。小说汇编之作并非小说资料的随意堆积,而是灌注了编者的主体意识,编纂体例选择即是其主体性展示的一个重要方面。明代文言小说汇编较有代表性的体例有:编年体、分类体、类书体、编年与分类混合体、主题论证体。这些体例在整合小说资料、表达编者意旨方面各自发挥了独特功能。明代文言小说汇编之所以能广泛汲取历史上各类文献编撰体例之长,为"我"所用,是由古代小说"位低而纳众"的本体性特征所决定的。明代是小说观念成熟自觉的时代,文言小说汇编体例与集部诸文类之关系也很值得探讨。

The Ming Dynasty is the booming period of Chinese classical fiction compilation.Fiction compilation isn′t the random accumulation of fiction materials,but contains editors′subject consciousness.The selection of compiling styles is an important aspect of its subjectivity display.The representative compilation styles of Chinese classical fictions in the Ming Dynasty include:chronology,classification,style of reference books,mixture of chronology and classification,and theme argumentation.These styles play a unique role in integrating fiction materials and expressing editors′intentions.The reason why the compilation of classical Chinese fictions in the Ming Dynasty can widely draw on the strengths of various types of document compilation styles,and can be used by us,is determined by the "low and inclusive" intrinsic characteristics of classical fictions.The Ming Dynasty is an era when the concept of fictions was mature and conscious.The relationship between compilation styles of Chinese classical fictions literature type also deserves discussions.