摘要
随着技术的进步和经济的发展,不同区域和城市间的联系日益加强,而以行政区划为空间尺度进行的规划、管理、建设造成了行政壁垒、区域发展不平衡、多规不合一、区域性公共服务供给不足等问题。如何通过区域一体化发展和更加有效的区域协调发展新机制,以更好地发挥市场在资源空间配置中的决定性作用,成为突破行政壁垒和解决区域不平衡发展的关键。较早经历城市化进程的国家和地区在发展过程中也面临对具有紧密经济联系的区域进行跨界治理的问题。作为美国城市化水平最高的地区,早在100多年前,郊区辽阔的空间、公共交通的改善和私家车的普及等使人口和产业由纽约市的市中心向其郊区和周边地区扩张,这些地区间的经济联系超出了长久以来的行政边界,也超出了原有政府的治理能力。致力于解决上述问题的区域规划协会(RPA)从1929年开始制定针对由纽约市及其周边地区构成的纽约都市区总体发展规划,其在跨越行政边界、破除行政壁垒并从区域总体层面进行城市规划管理的都市区建设方面积累了较多现实又不乏创新的经验。文章梳理了区域规划协会的组织架构以及其四次纽约都市区总体规划的背景、内容和实施,并对所得经验和对中国的启示进行总结。
With the advancement of technology and the development of economy, links between different regions and cities are increasingly strengthening. However, planning, management and construction with administrative scales as spatial scales have resulted in administrative barriers such as market protection, multiple regulations, and insufficient supply of regional public services. As the highest level area of urbanization in the United States, the vast space of the suburbs, the improvement of public transport and the popularity of private cars made the population and industry expand from the downtown of New York to its suburbs and its surrounding areas more than 100 years ago. The economic links between these regions have exceeded the administrative boundaries permanently, and have exceeded the ability of the original government to govern. The Regional Planning Association, which is committed to solving these problems, has formulated the overall development plan for New York metropolitan area composed of New York and its surrounding areas since 1929. They have accumulated many realities and innovative experiences in the aspect of crossing boundaries, breaking administrative barriers, and conducting urban area management of urban planning and management from the overall level of the region. This paper reviews the organizational structure of the Regional Planning Association and its background, contents and implementation of four overall planning of metropolitan area, and also summarizes the experience and inspiration for China.
作者
孟美侠
张学良
潘洲
MENG Meixia;ZHANG Xueliang;PAN Zhou(School of Urban and Regional Science,Shanghai University of Finance and Economics,Shanghai 200433,P. R. China)
出处
《重庆大学学报(社会科学版)》
CSSCI
北大核心
2019年第4期22-37,共16页
Journal of Chongqing University(Social Science Edition)
基金
国家自然科学基金项目“具有内生权重矩阵的空间计量模型:方法和应用”(71401108)
上海市哲学社会科学规划课题“长三角城市群城市可持续发展研究”(2014BJL003)
清华大学新型城镇化研究院开放基金课题“城市聚集、空间溢出与城市群经济:理论分析与实证检验”(TUCSU-K-17003-01)
关键词
城市行政边界
纽约都市区
区域规划协会
城市治理
国际经验
administrative boundary
New York Metropolitan Area
Regional Planning Association
city governance
international practices