我国人格法益保护模式之不足及其改进——以“公序良俗”引入为中心

Problems of and Solutions to Protection Modes for Personality Rights and Interests:Focusing on the Introduction of “Public Order and Good Practices”

我国人格法益保护模式存在立法与司法的鸿沟、自由裁量权难以限制、法源标准不统一等问题。"公序良俗"能够发挥人格法益判断功能、利益衡量及违法性征引功能、援引内容控制功能。在对"公序良俗"的引入中,《德国民法典》第826条"故意违背善良风俗"不可简单照抄。我国应从《精神损害赔偿责任若干问题的解释》第1条违背公序良俗侵害人格法益条款、《侵权责任法》第6条过错责任条款着手,明确人格法益损害及违法性要件。将公序良俗的标准纳入违法性要件,强化对人格法益的保护。

The gap between legislation and judicature,discretionary rights which is hard to put in check,and disunity of law sources and standards are all existing problems with the protection modes for personality rights and interest."Public order and good practices" may give a full play to the functions of identifying personality’s rights and interests,measuring interests,citing laws against illegal activities,and controlling cited contents. During the introduction of personality rights and interests,the stipulation of Article 826 of German Civil Code that "deliberately violating kindness and customs" shall not be rigidly copied. Instead,by starting with the clause in regard to infringing personality rights and interests and violating public order and good practices stipulated in Article 1 of Interpretation of Problems Regarding Compensation Liability for Emotional Damages,and to the clause in regard to fault liability stipulated in Article 6 of Tort,China shall define the constructive elements of violations against personality rights and their constructive elements,weave the standards of public order and good practices into the definitions and eventually strengthen the protection of personality rights and interests.