晚清福州专业戏班考论

On Professional Theatrical Troupe of Fuzhou in the Late Qing Dynasty

戏班是戏剧活动的组织载体,也是戏剧传播的载体。以娱乐市民为主且以盈利为目的的专业戏班的大量出现,是剧种走向成熟以及剧业兴盛的重要标志。晚清民国福州戏剧演出进入相对成熟的时期,表现出剧种繁多、专业戏班增多,商业化演剧日渐兴盛等特征。专业戏班的大量出现,刺激演剧商业化,加剧了剧种之间、戏班之间的竞争,由此出现了因戏班之组织模式、经营方式乃至演员技艺水平参差不齐而导致的优胜劣汰。

The theatrical troupe is an organizational carrier of the drama activities. The emergence of a large number of professional theatrical troupes which mainly entertain the citizens and aim at making profits importantly marks the maturity of drama and the prosperity of drama industry. The performance of Fuzhou drama in the late Qing Dynasty and the Republic of China entered a mature environment,characterized by various kinds of drama,increasing number of professional opera groups,and increasing prosperity of commercial drama performance. The appearance of many professional troupes stimulates the commercialization of drama,and intensifies the competition between different types of drama and troupes,resulting in the survival of the fittest due to the organizational mode,business mode and even the skill level of the actors.