现代湘语中的三个六朝江东方言词

On Three Words of the Six Dynasties Jiāngdōng Dialect in Modern Xiāng Dialects

现代湘语语料显示,从历史词汇的观点而言湘语有一个层次来自六朝江东方言。有三个口语词汇可以证明上述推论:"渹"(凊)、"鼎"(铛)以及"侬"。"渹"(凊)、"鼎"(铛)出现于南朝宋刘义庆所编的《世说新语》,"侬"则来自南朝时期的文人乐府及民间歌谣。现代湘语中或多或少保留了这三个六朝江东方言词。由此可见,东晋南朝的"吴语"不仅是现代吴语、闽语的前身,也可能是现代湘语的前身。

This paper uses at least 13 kinds of published modern Xiāng materials and tries to explore a possible early origin of modern Xiāng dialects i.e. the Jiāngdōng dialect of the Six Dynasties,from a diachronic lexical perspective. Three dialectal words discussed in this paper are ‘cold’(渹),‘cooking pot’(鼎),and‘human’(侬).‘Cold’(渹) and ‘cooking pot’(鼎,recorded as 铛) are found in Shì Shuo Xin Yǔ(世说新语) compiled by Liú Yì-qìng(刘义庆) who lived during the Liu Song Dynasty.‘Human’(侬) is also recorded in both intellectuals’ poetry and folk ballads in the Southern Dynasties based on Yuè Fǔ Shi Jí(乐府诗集) by Kuō Mào-qiàn(郭茂倩). This paper points out that those Jiāngdōng dialectal words are retained more or less in modern Xiāng dialects. The phenomenon shows that the Wu Language of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties is not only the predecessor of modern Min and Wu dialects but also that of Xiāng dialects.