马克思主义实践论视域下人类学的知识生产与文化实践

The knowledge production and cultural practice of anthropology in the perspective of Marxist practical theory

人类社会的存在和发展自始至终就是一个实践的过程,人类在实践中生产知识、创造文化。传统人类学以遥远的与"欧洲中心文化"具有明显差异性"非西方"的"原始社会"或"土著民族或族群"社会文化研究而著称。伴随研究范式和理论格局的拓新,人类学研究的"田野"不再是纯粹"远方"的"他者社会","田野空间"亦从地理空间范畴延伸到文本空间、口述传统及网络虚拟社会空间等非地理空间范畴,人类学者不断游走于"自我"与"他者"之间的文化丛林中观他以视自我,运用田野工作和民族志书写来进行着自己的知识生产、文化实践和理论建构。与此同时,人类学者对传统田野工作与民族志书写的真实性、客观性、权威性与科学性进行反思与批判,推动着文化人类学理论范式和工作方式与时俱进,凸显时代特性。

The existence and development of human society is a practical process from the beginning to the end,human beings produce knowledge and create culture through practical activities. The classical anthropology is well known for its sociocultural studies of "primitive societies"or "indigenous peoples or groups",which are "non-western" and distinctly different from "European central cultures". Along with the extension of the research paradigm and the new theory pattern,the field of anthropological study is no longer a pure "distance" of "the other society" and "space" of the field also extends to the text space from geographical spatial category,oral tradition and network virtual social space,such as the geographical spatial category,anthropologist continuously in between "self" and "the other" culture medium jungle to that he sees himself,using the fieldwork and ethnography of his own intellectual production,cultural practices and theory construction. At the same time,anthropologists reflect on and criticize the authenticity,objectivity,authority and scientificity of traditional field work and ethnographic writing,promoting the theoretical paradigm and working mode of cultural anthropology to keep pace with the times and highlight the characteristics of the times.