学校教育质量与住房价格:基于北京市住房数据的夏普里分解分析

School Education Quality and Housing Price: Sharpley Decomposition Analysis Based on Beijing Housing Data

2014年初,北京市启动了义务教育综合改革,旨在均衡配置义务教育阶段教育资源。为了研究学校教育质量对房价差异的贡献及其在义务教育综合改革前后一定时间段内的变化,本文采用北京市2013-2016年二手房交易价格数据,利用基于回归方程的夏普里分解方法,以市重点、区重点和普通校划分学区等级,研究在这四年中教育质量对住房价格差异的贡献及其变化。研究发现:以基尼系数衡量,教育可以解释接近20%左右的房价差异;教育质量对房价差异的贡献在2014年教育综合改革前后有明显变化;与区重点相比,市重点对房价差异贡献更大。

Beijing started the comprehensive reform of compulsory education in early 2014, aiming to balance the distribution of compulsory education resources. In order to study the contribution of school education quality to housing price inequality and its changes in a certain period of time before and after the comprehensive reform of compulsory education, this paper adopts the second-hand housing transaction price data of Beijing from 2013 to 2016, uses Sharpley decomposition method based on regression equation, and divides the grade of school districts into city key, district key and general districts. The results show that:(1) education can explain about 20% of the housing price inequality;(2) the contribution of education quality to housing price inequality has changed significantly before and after the comprehensive education reform in 2014;(3) compared with the district key, the city key contributes more to housing price inequality.