东南沿海某水源地水质健康风险评价

Water quality health risk assessment in a drinking water source in southeast coastal area of China

以东南沿海某典型水库型饮用水水源地(水库A和水库B)为研究区域,根据2007-2016年期间的水质监测数据,采用美国环保署的健康风险评价模型(US EPA health-based risk assessment model)进行水质健康风险评价.结果表明,水库A和水库B对于成人的健康总风险分别为3.21×10^-5和3.26×10^-5 a^-1(风险等级Ⅱ级,属低-中等水平),对于儿童则分别为1.05×10^-4和1.07×10^-4 a^-1(风险等级Ⅳ级,属中-高等水平).健康总风险包括致癌风险和非致癌风险,而在该水源地前者高于后者3-4个数量级.该水源地的主要致癌污染物是As、Cd和Cr^6+,其中Cr^6+和As是关键致癌污染物,在致癌风险中的比重高达98%.在2007-2016年期间,水库B对于成人和儿童的水质健康总风险具有显著上升趋势.

Drinking water quality is of great concern to the public as it directly affects human health.Taking a representative drinking water source(Reservoir A and Reservoir B) in the southeast coastal area of China as the study area, and using the water quality data during 2007-2016, this paper assessed human health risks using the US EPA health-based risk assessment model. Results showed that, the total health risks for adult of Reservoir A and Reservoir B were 3.21×10^-5 a^-1 and 3.26×10^-5 a^-1(Risk level Ⅱ, at low-moderate level),while for children were 1.05×10^-4 a^-1 and 1.07×10^-4 a^-1(Risk level Ⅳ, at moderate-high level), respectively. The total human health risk includes carcinogenic risk and non-carcinogenic risk, while the former was about 3-4 orders of magnitude higher than the later. The major carcinogenic contaminants in this drinking water source were As, Cd and Cr^6+, in which Cr^6+ and As were the key carcinogenic contaminants that accounted for 98% of the carcinogenic risk. During 2007-2016, the health risks to both adult and children in Reservoir B showed significant increasing trends.