基于价值工程原理的乡村秸秆清洁供暖技术经济评价

Technical and economic evaluation for clean heating using straw in rural area based on principle of value engineering

秸秆供暖可促进秸秆综合利用,推进中国北方乡村清洁供暖。在深入调研和归纳总结现阶段秸秆清洁供暖技术现状的基础上,提出了具有较好应用前景的乡村秸秆清洁供暖典型模式,建立了其功能评价指标体系,并采用价值工程原理和层次分析法,对7种典型模式的技术经济性进行了评价。研究结果表明,在不考虑资源禀赋、交通运输、自然地理、经济社会发展水平等外部条件的情况下,热电联产供暖、热解联产分户供暖、捆烧锅炉集中供暖、热解联产集中供暖、成型燃料分户供暖、捆烧锅炉分户供暖和成型燃料集中供暖对应的价值系数依次为1.062、1.050、1.005、0.990、0.973、0.965、0.956。该研究可为指导秸秆乡村清洁供暖技术研发和应用推广提供重要借鉴。

The proportion of clean heating in northern China is low, especially bulk coal is widely used in winter in some areas. The emission amount of air pollutants is large, so it is urgent to promote clean heating. By the end of 2016, the total heating area of urban and rural buildings in northern China was about 20.6 billion m^3, of which the heating area of rural buildings was 6.5 billion m^3. Heating energy mainly includes coal, natural gas, electric energy, geothermal energy, biomass energy, solar energy, industrial waste heat and so on. Among them, coal-fired heating area accounts for about 83% of the total heating area. About 400 million tons of standard coals are consumed annually, of which 200 million tons of standard coals are bulk coals mainly distributed in rural areas. In rural areas, the total usage amount of bulk coal is large, burning season is concentrated, the discharge is dispersed, and without purification measures, so the pollutant discharge is serious. China is rich in crop straw, with theoretical resources exceeding 900 million tons, and among them still about 200 million tons are not effectively utilized. The rural straw clean heating can build distributed clean hearing system in rural areas by collecting local raw materials, processing and transforming on the spot, and consuming nearby. This model could reduce open-air burning of rural straw, provide clean heat, and realize directly replacement of coal burning in terminal consumption link. The rural straw clean heating has a great development space. Heating using straw could promote straw comprehensive utilization, and also promote clean heating in rural areas in northern China. Based on investigation and summary of present situation of straw clean heating technology, this paper puts forward a typical rural straw clean heating model with good application prospects, establishes the functional evaluation index system, and evaluates the technical economy of seven typical models by using the value engineering principle and the analytic hierarchy process. The results show that, without considering the external conditions such as resource endowment, transportation, physical geography and level of economic and social development, the corresponding value coefficients of CHP(combined heat and power) heating, pyrolysis cogeneration household heating, bundle-fired boiler central heating, pyrolysis cogeneration central heating, briquette fuel household heating, bundle-fired boiler household heating and briquette fuel central heating are 1.062, 1.050, 1.005, 0.990, 0.973, 0.965, 0.956, respectively. Overall, cogeneration, pyrolysis, bundle-fired and other technologies show relatively good economy for clean heating of rural straw. This study can provide important reference for guiding R&D and application of straw clean heating technology in rural area.