冯友兰视界中的子学、经学与新子学

Master′ Thoughts, Classics, and the New Master′ Thoughts in Feng Youlan′s Vision

冯友兰所谓的子学乃是指先秦汉初诸子之学。子学的建构“以我为主”、无所“依傍”,是“创构”。冯友兰所谓的经学指的是从汉代到清代整个中国封建专制时期的哲学。经学的建构“以我为辅”、“依傍”于“经”,是“重构”。按照冯友兰关于“经”“子”关系的论述,应该是有“子”才有“经”,“经”只能是“子”的著作,可是,冯友兰所谓的“经”除却“子”的著作外,还包括儒家的“经”以及中国佛学家所注解、诠释的来自古印度的佛经。冯友兰认为中国新的哲学的诞生标志着“贞下起元”,意味着“重新开始”,像子学一样“创构”新哲学。这么说,这种新的哲学应该就是新的子学也即“新子学”。

The Master′thoughts in Feng Youlan′s vision were the thoughts of the Masters in the pre-Qin and the early Han dynasty,with nothing to base on,the construction of which was a kind of creation.The Classics in Feng Youlan′s vision referred to the philosophy during the whole period of feudal autocracy in China from Han to Qing dynasty,whose construction was based on Confucianism and was a kind of reconstitution.According to Feng Youlan,the Masters′thoughts existed before the Classics,and the Classics were only the works of the Masters.In Feng Youlan′s discussion,the Classics included the Confucian Classics and the ancient Indian Buddhist scriptures which had been noted and interpreted by the Chinese Buddhist scholars as well as the works of the Masters.Feng Youlan thought that the birth of the new Chinese philosophy was a kind of renewing and creation,like the process of the production of the thoughts of the Masters.Therefore this new philosophy would belong to a new kind of Masters′thoughts by essence.