宋代能源结构变迁原因探析

Research on the Changing Reason of Energy Structure in the Song Dynasty

宋代燃料结构发生变化,初步形成了封建社会中后期“北方多石炭,南方多木炭”的基本能源格局。煤炭的大量使用并非因森林资源枯竭导致“被动式”的以煤代薪。通过对燃料资源利用量与社会消耗量进行比较,可知宋代生物质燃料资源总体充裕,燃料结构变迁是因生物质燃料与社会持续发展的不适应性等诸多因素综合作用下的历史必然,比如燃料生产、运输成本等因素制约等。宋代煤炭对薪炭的替代地域和程度有限,未能改变农耕社会生物质燃料的基础作用和地位,也不足以引发推动社会实质性变革的“燃料革命”。

Fuel structure in Song dynasty changed and preliminarily formed the basic energy structure"more carboniferous in the North and more charcoal in the South"in the middle and late periods of the feudal society.The utilization of large quantities of coal was not because of the passive"charcoal replacing wood"caused by the exhaustion of woodland resources.Comparing utilization of fuel resources with social energy consumption,it was known that overall biomass fuel resources in Song dynasty were ample and changes in fuel structure was the historical necessity because of multi-factor synthetic effect,such as inadaptability between biomass fuels and sustainable development of society and fuel production and transportation costs.The substitute area and degree of substitution that charcoal took place of firewood was limited and did not change the fundamental position of biomass energy and not enough to trigger the fuel revolution that would promote substantial social change.