清华简《周公之琴舞》新解

New Interpretation of Tsinghua Bamboo Slips Zhou Gong Zhi Qin Wu

清华简《周公之琴舞》隶属雅舞之庙祭乐,为成王朝的史官、乐官及鲁公为祭祀周公而作。“琴舞”之称与祭祀周公时为季夏、古乐八音与四时八风的对应密切相关。禘祭大乐由“降神”和“正乐”两部分组成,庙祭乐舞“迎神”所奏曲、辞皆同,以及“九成”乐章声调系统的具体应用,为正确解读《周公之琴舞》前后两部分内容提供了文献依据。“降神”“皆不过金奏升歌一二节”,则说明了“元纳启”四句歌辞的完整性,该部分出现的“琴舞九絉”是指配合大祝、鲁公及众助祭者九献之礼所作的九成乐曲演奏,词同“升歌”。“正乐”部分的“九启”“九乱”亦合而为“琴舞九絉”,其所对应者为祭祀人鬼所特具的《九德之歌》《九韶之舞》。

Zhou Gong Zhi Qin Wu in Tsinghua Bamboo Slips should belong to shrine sacrificial songs of imperial palace dance.It was created by the dynasty official historians,musical officers and Lu Gong to sacrifice Zhou Gong.The name of"Qin Wu"which sacrificed to Zhou Gong is closely related to the last month of summer,the eight tones of ancient music and the Winds and Seasons.The sacred rite of Di Ji is made up of"God Landing"and"Main Music".Shrine sacrificial songs and dances,"Meeting God",whose songs and words were the same,plus the concrete application of"Jiu Cheng"music tone system provided the literature basis for the correct interpretation of the two parts of Zhou Gong Zhi Qin Wu."God Landing"was"just one or two parts of play bronze instruments",which illustrated the integrity of the music words of four sentences in"Yuan Na Qi"."Qin Wu Jiu Shu"in this part referred to the music of"Jiu Cheng"which was composed to cooperate with the ritual of"Jiu Xian"by Da Zhu,Lu Gong and people who helped to arrange for sacrifice,the lyrics of which were the same as"Sheng Ge"."Jiu Qi"and"Jiu Luan"in"Main Music"can also be synthesized into"Qin Wu Jiu Shu",and they corresponded to Jiu De Zhi Ge and Jiu Shao Zhi Wu which were specially used to sacrifice for people and ghosts.