真正的分工及其与私有制的关系——《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》与《德意志意识形态》分工问题的比较分析

The True Division of Labor and Its Relationship with Private Ownership:A Comparison of Ideas on Labor Division in The Origin of the Family,Private Property,and the State and German Ideology

《家庭、私有制和国家的起源》以人类学资料论证了自然分工、社会分工的历程,《德意志意识形态》虽涉及这两种分工,却通篇以第三种分工——真正的分工——作为研究对象。究其因,自然分工与社会分工只是客观地描述出分工的历史线索,真正的分工则揭示出这一历史线索的现实内涵。在历史进程中,真正的分工开展出其实体性内容:资本与地产的分工、生产与交往的分工,并最终发展出相互弥合的力量;而这一过程同时也正是私有制的具体形态以及私有制走向自我之反面的过程。

According to the anthropologic material at that time,The Origin of the Family,Private Property,and the State shows the process of‘the natural division of labor’and‘the social division of labor’respectively. Although German Ideology involves these two sorts of divisions of labor,in comparison,it still takes the third type of division of labor as its subject which is called"the true division of labor-a division of material and mental labor". This article holds that the main reason why Marx did so is that the concept of"the natural division of labor"and"the social division of labor"could merely function as the depiction of the objective historical process of the development of division of labor,but whose real essence could be only revealed by the concept of"the true division of labor". In the process of the history of division of labor,the concept of ‘the true division of labor’gives the substantial contents such as the division of labor with capital and real estate,and the division of labor with production and communication,which both finally turn to a mixed and mutual balanced power. Moreover,this process can just be identified with the evolution of the private ownership from its abstract stage to its concrete stage of and its process towards self-destruction and self-negation.