汉语楹联的认知语义研究

Cognitive Semantic Study of Chinese Couplet

楹联是我国传统文化中一种独特的文学艺术形式,其历史、发展、传播、赏析与创作等引起不少学者的关注,但对其意义建构及认知机制的研究鮮见。我们的研究表明,上下联语义元素的对称性和相似性为楹联意义建构中的类比与合成提供独特的天然条件;上下联不同的节奏划分会形成不同的心理空间;上下联对称的心理空间中的对称语义元素通过“对称映射——类比——对称映射——概念融合”的方式,形成结构映射;如此循序渐进地进行不同层级的概念融合,逐步形成主题意义,并促发横批的生成。

Chinese couplet is a unique literary and artistic form in traditional Chinese culture,whose history,development,communication,appreciation and creation have attracted many scholars’ attention,but few have touched its meaning construction and cognitive mechanism. Our research find that the antithesis and similarity of the corresponding elements in the two sentences of Chinese couplet provide unique natural conditions for the analogy and blending of its meaning construction. During the process of meaning construction,different rhythm divisions of the corresponding meaning elements of the two sentences form different mental spaces.The structure projection of these corresponding meaning elements is formed following the pattern"symmetric projection——analogy——symmetric projection——conceptual blending". The hierachical conceptual blending is carried on step by step until the thematic meaning gradually emerges and finally the vertical sentence of Chinese couplet is brought into being.