《伦理学笔记》中的暴力问题研究

AnInvestigation on Violence in Satre’s Notebooks for an Ethics

国外学者Gérard Wormser和Ronald E.Santoni对萨特《伦理学笔记》中的暴力问题展开了研究,不过他们都未对其进行细致阐释与分析,有的只是对其背景以及内容的简单勾勒。萨特的暴力是一种否定,它存在于某种被破坏的状态以及某种被摧毁的形式中,比如空的剑鞘和放到桌子上的剑。萨特指出了暴力的三种描述形式,却没有明确给出其本体论基础,不过根据萨特在本书中的分析,我们能够得出暴力的本体论基础应该是自为同自在之间的关系。在萨特那里,暴力是对他者的要求,暴力需要他者承认其合法性,故此,他者是至关重要的。那么,暴力与他者的关系是怎样的,这种关系是通过哪些形式展开的?进一步讲,萨特研究暴力问题的渊源在哪里?研究暴力问题是否有价值?

Gérard Wormser and Ronald E.Santoni have studied the violence in Sartre's Notebooks for an Ethics,but they haven’t elaborated and analyzed it concretely.They just outlined of its background and content.Sartre's violence is a kind of negation,which exists in a state of damage and in some form of destruction,such as an empty scabbard and a sword placed on the table.Sartre pointed out three descriptions of violence,but did not explicitly give its ontological basis.However,according to Sartre's analysis in this book,we can conclude that the ontological basis of violence should be the relationship between for-itself and in-itself.For Sartre,violence is a demand on others,and violence requires the other to recognize its legitimacy.Therefore,the other is essential.Then,what is the relationship between violence and the other,and what form does the relationship take?Furthermore,where is the source of Sartre's investigation on violence?Is it worthwhile to study violence?