不同施肥模式对雷竹林氮磷流失的影响

Effect of Different Fertilization Patterns on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Loss in a Bamboo Forest

通过田间小区试验,研究袋控释肥对集约经营雷竹林氮磷损失的影响。结果表明:施肥后雷竹林的径流液及渗漏液中氮磷含量随时间呈现先升后降的单峰变化趋势;袋控释肥处理中径流液全氮和全磷流失量分别为1 844.43,152.58 g/hm^2,比撒施肥处理减少了18.75%和40.94%;在渗漏液中,袋控释肥处理的全氮和全磷流失量为108.84,3.32 kg/hm^2,比撒施肥处理减少15.35%和22.91%;施肥后7天内,撒施肥处理的氨挥发占总氨挥发量的75.06%,而袋控释肥处理的氨挥发量在施肥后第28天才释放总量的68.06%,且袋控释肥处理的氨挥发量比撒施肥处理减少32.08%。因此,通过施用袋控释肥能有效降低雷竹林氮磷的损失,提高肥料利用率。

The effect of different fertilizers application on nitrogen and phosphorus loss in a bamboo forest was studied by a field experiment. Results showed that the contents of nitrogen and phosphorus in runoff and leachate in the bamboo forest varied in a peak shape with time. In runoff, the total nitrogen and phosphorus contents were 1 844.43 g/hm^2 and 152.58 g/hm^2 under the treatment of bag-coated fertilizer that were reduced by 18.75% and 40.94% respectively compared with the control. While in leachate, the total nitrogen and phosphorus contents were 108.84 kg/hm^2 and 3.32 kg/hm^2 that were 15.35% and 22.91% lower than the control. Seven days after the fertilizer application, the amount of ammonia volatilization accounted for 75.06% of the total lost, but it was only 68.06% in 28 days in the bag-coated fertilizer treatment. Furthermore, the amount of ammonia volatilization lost in bag-coated fertilizer treatment was 32.08% lower than the control. Therefore, the method of bag-coated fertilizer application should be effective in preventing nitrogen and phosphorus loss and subsequently increase the fertilizer use efficiency in the bamboo forest.