铜基催化剂的失活再生研究进展

Progress in deactivation and regeneration of Cu based catalysts

综述铜基催化剂的主要合成方法,对其重要的工业应用包含合成气制甲醇、甘油氢解和草酸二甲酯加氢反应,分析其具体失活原因多为烧结、中毒与积碳。针对烧结失活的主要措施为掺合杂原子、选择金属氧化物做载体及通过载体结构限制铜原子的迁移。而针对积碳与中毒的主要措施为减少毒性物质与催化剂的接触;根据积碳与毒性物质产生的条件与路径,消除积碳与毒性物质来源;失活催化剂再生处理。

The main synthesis methods of copper-based catalysts are reviewed.The importantindustrial applications of copper-based catalysts include synthesis of methanol from syngas,hydrogen-ation of glycerol and dimethyl oxalate.The reasons for their deactivation are mainly sintering,poisoning and carbon deposition.The main measures for sintering deactivation are as follows:dopinghetero atoms;selecting metal oxides as carriers;limiting the migration of copper atoms through carrierstructure.The main measures for carbon deposition and poisoning are to reduce the contact betweentoxic substances and catalysts,to eliminate the sources of carbon deposits and toxic substances accord-ing to the conditions and paths of carbon deposition and toxic substances production,and to regeneratethe deactivated catalysts.