电磁成形中电磁技术问题研究进展

Research on Electromagnetic Problems in Electromagnetic Forming Process

电磁成形是一种高速率脉冲成形技术,因其能大幅改善金属材料成形性能而得到广泛关注,其研究主要涉及材料科学与电磁技术两大问题。纵观其发展历史,电磁成形材料科学问题得到大力发展而电磁技术问题相对滞后。该文在阐述电磁成形基本原理与电磁力分布的基础上,将目前涌现的新技术划分为改善电磁力分布的电磁成形技术、改变电磁力施加方式的电磁成形技术、与传统机械加工相结合的电磁成形技术三大类别。针对每一类技术,分别阐述了其解决的技术问题、实现方案及成形效果,并进一步指出其存在的技术难点与研究方向。此外,介绍了目前解决驱动线圈结构强度与温升问题的方法,指出长寿命驱动线圈是电磁成形实现工业化应用的前提。电磁技术问题的深入研究带动了电磁成形技术的快速发展,未来仍需攻克“柔性电磁力加载”和“驱动线圈温升”两大难题,推动电磁成形工业化应用进程。

Electromagnetic forming(EMF)is a high-speed pulsed forming technology,which has been extensively concerned because it can improve the material formability.The research on EMF mainly focuses on material problems and electromagnetic problems.Throughout the history of EMF,the material problems have been fully developed while the electromagnetic problems are relatively lagging behind.Based on the EMF principle,the new EMF technology are divided into three parts,including EMF by improving the distribution of electromagnetic force,EMF by changing the application of the electromagnetic force and EMF by combining electromagnetic forming with mechanical processing.The technical problems,the implementation plans,the forming results,the technical difficulties and the further research directions of each new EMF technology are chiefly discussed in this paper.Furthermore,the method to solve the problems of the structural strength and the temperature rise of the driving coil are also introduced,as a result,it can be found that the emergence of long-life driving coil is the prerequisite for EMF industrial application.Obviously,these researches on electromagnetic problems have driven the rapid development of EMF.In the further research,how to load the electromagnetic force flexibly and how to curb the temperature rise of the driving coil are being the two difficult problems to be solved in EMF.