高黎贡山雉类生境预测

Prediction on the Suitable Habitat of Four Pheasants Species Using Ecological Niche Modeling in the Gaoligong Mountains

物种分布信息对野生动物的保护和管理至关重要。基于物种访查数据和气候数据,采用基于物种生境偏好、利比希最小因子定律和谢尔福德耐受性定律构建的生态位模型,综合考虑物种出现点和环境变量,预测了高黎贡山白尾梢虹雉Lophophorus sclateri、血雉Ithaginis cruentus、白鹇Lophura nycthemera、白腹锦鸡Chrysolophus amherstiae的潜在分布区域。结果表明,模型对4种雉类的预测均达到较好效果;白尾梢虹雉、血雉、白鹇和白腹锦鸡的潜在生境总面积分别为6 432 km^2、8 464 km^2、9 573 km^2和13 691 km^2,白鹇和白腹锦鸡的潜在生境面积大于白尾梢虹雉和血雉,但后两者具有更多的高质量生境。高黎贡山北段是4种雉类潜在生境的重叠区,为高黎贡山雉类保护的优先区域,尤其是白尾梢虹雉,建议加大该区域的雉类调查和保护力度。

The information of species distribution is important to protect and manage the habitat of wild animals.To predict the potential distribution area of 4 protected Phasianidae species(Lophophorus sclateri,Ithaginis cruentus,Lophura nycthemera and Chrysolophus amherstiae)in the Gaoligong Mountains,combined with species occurrence points and environmental variables,we established new niche models based on habitat preference,Liebigs law of minimum and Shelford’s tolerance law by using the interview-based survey data and climatic data.The results showed that the potential habitats of the 4 protected species covered the north,middle and south sections of Gaoligong Mountains.The total habitats area of Lophophorus sclateri,I.cruentus,Lophura nycthemera and C.amherstiae were 6 432 km^2,8 464 km^2,9 573 km^2 and 13 691 km^2,respectively.The high-quality habitat areas were 2 357 km^2,4 097 km^2,772 km^2 and 1 021 km^2,respectively,while the marginal habitat areas were 4 075 km^2,4 367 km^2,8 801 km^2 and 12 671 km^2,respectively.The model established in this study was confirmed to have a good effect on habitat prediction.Lophura nycthemera and C.amherstiae had larger total habitat area while Lophophorus sclateri and I.cruentus had larger high-quality habitat area.The northern section of Gaoligong Mountains is a common potential area where 4 pheasant species coexist.In accordance to the overall planning of Gaoligong Mountains pheasant conservation,it is considered that the northern section of Gaoligong Mountains can serve as a priority area for the protection of pheasants,especially for Lophophorus sclateri,and thus the investigation and protection of pheasants in this area should be strengthened in the future.