论代表性官僚制在日本的应用实践

The Practice of Japan’s Representative Bureaucracy

代表性官僚制的主要功用在于调整公务员结构,促进公众利益和需求的满足。从消极、被动的代表性和积极的人事行政政策角度看,虽然日本近年来改进公务员代表性的政策卓有成效,但仍存在着学校出身、所学专业、国籍等层面的代表性问题。就日本女性公务员代表性问题来看,其地方公务员的代表性要好于国家,但是在领导干部层面仍然有较大发展空间。日本促进女性公务员代表性的举措主要从提高女性公务员录用和干部选拔比率,以及改善女性职业发展的职场管理和职场环境两方面进行,其政策出发点则是日本的国家发展战略。

The main function of the representative bureaucracy is to adjust the civil service structure and promote the satisfaction of the public interest and needs.From the perspective of negative and passive representation and active personnel administration policy,Japan’s policy of improving the representation of civil servants in recent years has gained some progress;however,there still remain some problems of representativeness in terms of school origin,majors,and nationality.As for the representativeness of Japanese female civil servants,the representativeness in local governments is higher than that of the central government,with some room of improvement at the level of senior leaders.Japanese government has taken some measures in promoting the representativeness of female civil servants such as improving the recruitment rate of female civil servants and the selection of senior female leaders,as well as improving management and workplace environment for women’s career development.Those policies are based on Japan’s overall national development strategy.