城乡义务教育一体化背景山区县域教育发展探究——以安泽县为例

The Development of Education Under the Background of the Integration of Urban and Rural Compulsory Education in Rural Area:A case study of Anze county in Shanxi province

山区县域义务教育学校适当规模的合理空间布局对实现城乡义务教育一体化发展、振兴乡村具有重要意义.通过采用集中度、空壳率、ArcGIS邻域分析方法,研究安泽县中小学校空间布局状况和义务教育发展现状,发现:各项教育资源和适龄学生在县城和乡镇驻地的集中度分别约为90%和50%,乡村区域去外地求学的小学生有71%,全县3/4区域的适龄儿童均需到4km以外的学校就读,呈现出城校过度集中化、村校空壳化的“两极分化”现象,这与城乡义务教育一体化的建设相背离.本文从学校撤并、义务教育管理和投入制度、优质教育资源共享模式3方面对义务教育发展提出建议,以期在城乡义务教育一体化建设和乡村振兴大背景下,为山区乡村学校发展提供依据.

The reasonable space layout of rural compulsory education has a great significance to realize the integration development of education in urban and rural areas and revitalize the village education.By the means of concentration ratio,empty rate and neighborhood statistics analysis method to study the spatial distribution and the development situation of education in the primary and middle schools in the Anze county.The phenomenon shows that polarization of city school over-centralized while village schools gradually decrease.This phenomenon runs counter to the integration of urban and rural compulsory education.This article puts forward suggestions on the development of compulsory education from three aspects:the school mergence,the system of compulsory education management and investment,and the sharing mode of quality education resource.I hope this paper can provide the basis for the development of rural schools in mountainous areas under the background of the integration of urban and rural compulsory education and rural rejuvenation.