基于产业链视角的中国电气机械制造业优化升级研究

Research on Optimization and Upgrading of Electro-mechanical Industry of China Based on the Perspective of Industrial Chain

本文基于2002-2015年全国投入产出表和延长表,以及2000-2012年日本投入产出表测算的产业关联和波及效应,从产业链角度对电气机械制造业的优化升级进行了动态分析和比较分析。研究表明:中国电气机械制造业关联产业广泛,产业内关联增强,对国民经济的需求拉动作用强于供给推动作用。但研发投入不足,技术进步迟滞,行业附加值率下降,对需求变化的供给适应能力不足,产值结构、技术结构和市场适应能力有待调整和优化。针对存在的突出问题,提出如下建议:以产业链协同发展为抓手,促进产学研合作,加大研发投入,调整产出的技术结构;以关联产业需求为指向,挖掘内需,调整产出的市场结构;提高产业服务化水平,延长产业链,协调产业链整体发展。

This paper calculated the industrial correlation and spreading effects from the perspective of industrial chain to analyze the optimization and upgrading of electro-mechanical industry based on the China input-output tables and extended tables from 2002 to 2015,as well as Japan input-output tables from 2000 to 2012.The result shows that the related industries of electro-mechanical industry in China are extensive,the intra-industry linkages are strengthened,and the demand-pulling role of the industry is stronger than the supply-driving role for the national economy.However,the R&D investment is insufficient,the technological progress is sluggish,the industry value-added rate is declining,the supply adaptability to demand changes is insufficient,and the output value structure and market adaptability need to be adjusted and optimized.Aiming at the problems,this paper proposed to take the coordinated development of industrial chain as the starting point,promote industry-university-research cooperation,increase research and development investment,adjust the technical structure of output,take the related industry demand as the direction,excavate the domestic demand,adjust the output market structure,improve the level of industrial servitization,extend the industrial chain,and coordinate the overall development of the industrial chain.