改革开放40年农业机械化的指南针——20份中央1号文件的农业机械化要论

Guidelines for Agricultural Mechanization in the Past 40 Years of Reform and Opening-up——On Agricultural Mechanization of 20 Central Documents No.1

农村改革初期,中央发出指导“三农”工作的第一波(1982-1986)中央1号文件,2004年重启第二波(2004-2018),累计已达20份。文章对文件中农业机械化文字进行了认真梳理,认为1982年调整发展战略为“选择性机械化”、1983年开启“农机私有制”、2004年国家补贴农民私人购置农机、2007年“少数人经营农机、农户共同使用”等是中国对社会主义政治经济学农业部分的创新实践,具有重要历史意义。同时,对2004、2006~2010、2012、2014、2016这9份文件发出的“提高、大力、积极、加快推进或发展”农业机械化的号令性方针,进行对比、分析。文末,对2016、2017、2018连续三年不再提出农业机械化号令性方针,表述了笔者的分析。

In the early stage of rural reform, the central government issued the first wave of guiding the work of agriculture, rural areas and farmers (1982-1986), and the second wave (2004 - 2018) was restarted in 2004. The cumulative number has reached 20. This paper carefully combs the words of agricultural mechanization in the document, and holds that the readjusted development strategy in 1982 is "selective mechanization", the "private ownership of agricultural machinery" was opened in 1983, and the state subsidized farmers to purchase agricultural machinery privately in 2004. In 2007,"a small number of people manage agricultural machinery and farmers use it together" is China's innovative practice of the agricultural part of socialist political economy, which has an important history. At the same time, the mandatory policy of "improving, vigorously, actively and speeding up the promotion or development of agricultural mechanization" issued by these nine documents in 2004, 2006~2010, 2012, 2014~ 2016 is compared and analyzed. At the end of this paper, the mandatory policy of agricultural mechanization is no longer put forward for three consecutive years in 2016, 2017 and 2018, and the author's analysis is expressed.