多花黄精根茎生长规律及产量的回归与通径分析

Regression and Diameter Analysis of the Root Growth Law and the Output of Polygonatum cyrtonema

目的:探讨锥栗林下种植第二年多花黄精根茎生长规律及气候因子与根茎产量的相关性,提出适宜生长的环境条件。方法:通过具体调查观测根茎重量变化和有效新芽个数及新芽长度生长等情况,分析研究锥栗林下种植第二年多花黄精1龄级根茎生长规律。将气候条件与多花黄精根茎增重量进行回归分析,揭示其相关性。结果:(1)多花黄精根茎生长期分为缓慢生长期、快速生长期、越冬休眠期三个阶段。根茎缓慢生长期在2月中旬至4月下旬和10月上旬至12月下旬,根茎增重量占全年增重量的13.47%;快速生长期为5月上旬至9月下旬,根茎增重量占全年增重量的86.53%,根茎生长高峰期分别出现在6月中下旬和8月中下旬,高峰期根茎增重量占全年增重量的25.46%;越冬休眠期为次年1月初至2月上旬。(2)根茎新芽生长期分为新芽萌发期和稳定期。新芽萌发期在4月中旬至6月中下旬,新芽最早萌发时间与开花时间基本同步,种植第二年的1龄级根茎平均萌发新芽数可达3.3个;新芽稳定期从7月初至12月底,除个别根茎外,绝大多数根茎不再萌发新芽。(3)有效积温(X_1)、降雨量(X_2)、日照时数(X_3)与多花黄精根茎生长量(Y)均呈极显著性相关(P<0.001),最优回归方程为:Y=7.9711+0.0456X_1-0.0356X_2-0.1061X_3,有效积温对多花黄精根茎增重量的贡献率为99.36%。结论:降雨量、日照时数通过有效积温的间接作用后均能显著提高多花黄精根茎产量。在有效积温6 587.10℃、年降雨量1 501.80 mm、年日照时数1 364.61 h的气候条件下,林下种植多花黄精第二年根茎产量能增加1.02倍。

Objective:To study the relationship between the growth regularity of the rhizome,the climatic factors and the outputs of Polygonatum cyrtonema planted under the plantation of castaneahenryi in the second year,and to put forward the suitable environment conditions for growth.Methods:The growth pattern of one-year-old rhizomes of Polygonatum cyrtonema planted under the plantation of castaneahenryi was analyzed and studied by investigating and observating the variation of rhizome weight,the number of effective shoots and the growth of the longest bud length,etc.The correlation between climatic conditions and the weight gain of rhizome was analyzed by regression analysis.Results:(1)The growth period of rhizome from Polygonatum cyrtonema was divided into three stages:slow growing period,rapid growing period and overwintering dormancy period.The slow growing period of rhizomes was from mid-ebruary to late April and early October to late December when the weight gain of rhizomes accounted for 13.47% of the annual weight gain.The rapid growth period was from early May to late September,and the weight gain of rhizomes accounted for 86.53% of the annual weight gain.The peak growth period of rhizomes appeared in mid-to-late June and mid-to-late August,respectively,and the increased weight of rooted-stems accounted for 25.46% of annual weigh gain.Winter dormancy period was from early January to early February in the following year.(2)The growth period of rhizome shoots was divided into new bud germination stage and stable stage.The germination period of the new bud was from mid-April to mid-to-late June.The earliest germination time of the new bud was basically synchronized with the flowering time,the average number of new shoots from the one-year-old rhizomes was 3.3 in the second year.Stable period was from early July to the end of December when there was no germination in addition to individual ones.(3)The effective accumulated temperature(X1),rainfall(X2),sunshine hours(X3)were significantly correlated with the root growth(Y)of Polygonatum cyrtonema(P<0.001),and the optimal regression equation was Y=7.9711+0.0456X1-0.0356X2-0.1061X3.The effective accumulated temperature contributed 99.36% to the weight gain of Polygonatum cyrtonema.Conclusion:The rainfall and sunshine hours can significantly increase rhizome yield of Polygonatum cyrtonema with effective accumulated temperature.The yield of Polygonatum cyrtonema planted under forest can increase by 1.02 times in second years,while effective accumulated temperature is 6 587.10 ℃,annual rainfall is 1 501.80 mm and annual sunshine hours is 1 364.61 h.