德国胶澳租借地的海域地名、知识来源及其历史地图绘制

The Island Place Names in Jiaoao Leased Territory: Its Origins and Historical Maps

中德《胶澳租界条约》及其合同中的海岛地名译写存在"中名德译"与"德名中译"两种模式。笛罗山、加帝庙、炸连三处标志性海岛有其本土地名和外文别名,其本土地名应为(水)灵山岛、谷积岛(古迹岛)、褡裢岛。不同语种间的地名转写存在变异现象,致使地名的本土意义丢失。德国对胶澳的地理认知,与英国、日本以及清朝在胶澳的地理考察与地图测绘有着知识传承和相互影响。基于档案、地志及中外舆图,可对租借地的历史地图进行更为准确的绘制。遵循"名从主人"的原则对关键地名进行修订,可祛除外来地名文化的不良影响。

In the Lease Treaty of Jiaoao(Kiautschou Bay) and its relevant contracts, the island place names were translated by two methods. One method was translating German place names into Chinese, the other was translating Chinese place names into German. The most important place names were Tolosan, Tschia-timiaw-taw, and Tscha lien taw. In the process of translation between different languages, the meanings of those place names were changed significantly. In fact,(Shui) Lingshan Dao, Guji Dao and Dalian Dao were the original manner of spelling and punctuation for those place names. The invaders came from Germany, British and Japan made many geographical investigations and mapping in the leased territory. The paper show us a new historical map by the comprehensive use of archives, local chronicles and old maps. It is necessary to get out of the bad influence from foreign cultures.