肠源性激素的分泌及其糖尿病干预研究进展

Research progress on secretion of gastrointestinal hormones and its intervention on diabetes mellitus

糖尿病是一种高血糖为临床特征的代谢紊乱慢病,近年来世界范围内罹患糖尿病的人数持续增加。糖尿病症状进一步发展会导致心血管疾病、心脏病、肾衰竭、视网膜病变等一系列并发症的产生。因此,以降低血糖、控制体重和预防胰岛素抵抗为目的的糖尿病管理变得尤为重要。目前临床上控制糖尿病的相关药物很多,如:磺酰脲类、α-糖苷酶抑制剂、噻唑烷二酮等,但是在控制糖尿病的同时,药物带来的毒副作用也不可忽视。科学家致力于找到一种无毒副作用的天然有效成分,具有控制体重、减低血脂、调节血糖水平、改善胰岛功能等功效。研究表明肠源性激素在调节糖脂代谢中发挥重要的作用,肠促胰岛素功能受损是糖尿病发病机制中的一个重要因素。在过去十几年中,基于肠促胰岛素的代谢干预作用,开发了一系列肠促胰岛素治疗药物。本文主要对营养素影响肠源性激素的分泌机制、对糖尿病的干预作用以及胰高血糖素样肽-1(glucagon-like peptide-1,GLP-1)促分泌物、二肽基肽酶Ⅳ(dipeptidyl peptidase-Ⅳ,DPP-Ⅳ)抑制剂在糖尿病干预中的研究进展进行了综述。

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder with hyperglycemia as a clinical feature. In recent years the number of people suffering from diabetes worldwide has continually increased. Further development of diabetes can lead to a series of complications,such as cardiovascular disease,heart disease,renal failure,retinopathy,etc.Therefore,diabetes management aiming at lowering blood sugar,controlling body weight and preventing insulin resistance has become particularly important. Many drugs are used for diabetes treatment,such as sulfonylureas,alpha-glycosidase inhibitors,thiazolidinedione and etc. Meanwhile,the drug side effects cannot be ignored.Scientists are committed to find a natural source of non-side effects of active ingredients to achieve weight control,blood lipids reduction,blood sugar levels regulating and islet function improvement. Many studies have shown that gut-derived hormones play an important role in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism,and impaired insulinstimulating function is an important factor in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Therefore,many insulin-stimulating drugs were developed based on the metabolic intervention of insulin in the last decade. This article reviews nutrition influence on the secretion mechanism of gastrointestinal hormones,the intervention effect on diabetes mellitus and the research progress of GLP-1 secretion secretagogue and DPP-Ⅳ inhibitor in diabetes intervention.