数据生产和数据造假:基于社会学视角的分析

Data Production and Data Fraud: An Analysis Based on Sociological Perspective

本文从数据生产的过程入手,追溯统计数据造假现象的缘由。首先,误差扰动、接近值模拟和数据质量的资源投入水平,解释了数据生产过程中的数据失真。其次,从统计作为一项国家事业发展演进的角度来说,国家能力和国家意图有时会影响统计数据的真实性和全面性,并引发出制度诱导的造假行为。第三,从个体层面的理性选择过程来看,当违法收益显著高于违法成本时,数据造假现象就成了经济领域中最常见的越轨行为之一。治理数据造假的潜力也和个体的动机和理性计算直接相关:当我们把纯粹物质性的理性计算模型扩展到纳入社会成本和群体动力机制之后将会发现,社会交往网络和同伴群体内部伦理声誉的受损,将会比物质违法成本的提高更能约束数据造假行为。最后,本文还讨论了数据造假问题的直接伦理损失和技术在治理数据造假过程中所扮演角色的两面性。

This paper starts with the process of data production and traces the causes of statistical data fraud.First,the level of resource in error perturbations,proximity simulations,and data quality explains the distortion of data during data production.Second,from the perspective of statistics as a country's cause development,national capabilities and state intentions sometimes may affect the authenticity and comprehensiveness of statistical data,and lead to institutional-induced fraud.Third,from the perspective of the rational selection process at the individual level,when the illegal income is significantly higher than the illegal cost,the data fraud phenomenon becomes one of the most common deviant behaviors in the economic field.The potential of falsifying data is also directly related to individual motivation and rational calculation:when we extend the purely material rational computing model to include social costs and group dynamics,we will find that social networks and peer ethics cancause damage to internal ethical reputations,and this damage canbe a greater constraining force to prevent data fraud than the increase in material illegal costs.Finally,the paper also discusses the direct ethical loss of data fraud as well as the duality of the role of technology in the govermance of data fraud.