中文“生前预嘱”的语篇设计意图与使用反馈

The Chinese living will: Design rationale and user feedback

"生前预嘱"在我国是新兴语类,是人们在意识清醒时签署的指示性文件,说明自己在病危/临终时要或不要哪些医疗护理。本研究借鉴Fairclough(1992)的话语三维视角,在前期语篇结构探索基础上,考察其设计意图和使用反馈。设计者和使用者访谈发现,设计意图注重考量中国社会文化情境特征;使用者总体认可设计,但在部分结构上有不同于设计者的理解,还对预嘱的完善提出了建议。新语类的生产和使用充满不同力量的博弈,反映并建构着人们的生死观。

"Living will" is an emerging genre in China. It is a directive document signed by terminal patients when they are healthy or conscious, stating what kind of medical care they want or do not want. In light of Fairclough’s(1992) three-tier model of discourse and based on a previous study on the discourse features of the Chinese living will, this study examined the producer’s intention in the discourse design, and the users’ perceptions. Thematic analysis of interview data showed that the producer emphasized contextual features of the Chinese culture in the discourse design. The users’ perceptions were mostly congruent with that of the producer, but differed from her regarding some structural features. They also gave suggestions for improving this emerging genre.The production and consumption of the new genre is a process of negotiation between different forces,reflecting and constructing Chinese cultural values and family relations.