农业生产性服务的农户增收效应研究——基于内生转换模型的实证

Agricultural production services and their effects on farmers’ income growth: Based on the endogenous switching model

我国农业经营的基本格局是一家一户分散经营,近年来在地域生产集中度高的地区,农业专业化服务组织不断发展。基于专业化分工理论,利用环渤海设施蔬菜主产区的调研数据,运用内生转换模型,分析农业生产性服务对设施蔬菜种植户收入的影响,探讨其增收效应。结果表明,农业生产性服务的总体使用比例不高,其中农户使用劳务服务、农机服务和技术服务分别仅有53.79%、39.90%和37.12%。受教育程度越高、种植规模越大、服务信息渠道数量越多将会提升农户使用生产性服务的概率,年龄越大、风险厌恶、家庭劳动力数量越多则有抑制作用;种植规模越大、有本地蔬菜品牌的农户,使用劳务、农机或技术服务的增收效果越好,受教育程度越高对使用技术服务农户增收效应越明显,年龄越大不利于劳务服务使用农户的收入提高。研究表明,农户使用农机服务带来的收入提升效果最好,其次是技术服务和劳务服务。因此,提出完善农业生产性服务供给体系、拓展农户生产性服务信息获取渠道和做大做强本地农产品品牌等政策建议。

The main agricultural production pattern in China is a decentralized household-based production system.In recent years, specialized production service organizations have developed continuously in some main agricultural production regions. Based on the theory of specialized division and a survey data of main vegetable production areas of Bohai rim, and applying the endogenous switching model, this paper analyzed the impacts of agricultural production services on vegetable farmers’ income growth. Results indicate that the overall utilization levels of agricultural production services are not high, only 53.79%, 39.90% and 37.12% of labor service, machinery service and technical service, respectively. Higher education level, larger planting scale, and more service information channels will increase the probability of farmers’ adoption of these production services. Older age, risk aversion attitude, and more labors in the household will reduce the propensity of adoption of these agricultural production services. Farmers with larger planting area and branded products tend to have higher returns from these production services. Higher education level has obvious effects of increasing farmers’ income by using technical services;while older age is not helping to increase farmers’ income through using labor services. In addition, this research also finds that machinery service is the best choice for farmers to increase their income, followed by technical and labor services. In summary, this paper suggests to actively improve the supply system agricultural production services, to expand channels for farmers to obtain information on production services, and to strengthen brand management for local agricultural products.