《左传》开篇详叙“郑伯克段于鄢”缘由探析

The Reasons for “Zheng Bo Ke Duan Yu Yan” in the Opening of A Commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals

作为鲁史《春秋》的经解,《左传》并未在开篇详叙鲁国历史,而是对“郑伯克段于鄢”的事件不惜笔墨、详细刻画。从郑国与东周王室的关系来看,左氏开篇详叙“郑伯克段于鄢”乃是为了表明王室衰微与为治庄公。然而从隐公年间整体叙事来看,隐公元年和末年均发生了兄弟争位事件,前者即“郑伯克段于鄢”,后者是鲁桓弑兄夺位,两个事件一详一略、一直白一隐晦,同类事件却用不同笔法,核心原因在于《左传》要为鲁国君主避讳。但避讳不代表认同,作者的态度藏于相类事件之中,这亦是左氏开篇详叙郑伯克段的重要缘由。

As the interpretative statement of Spring and Autumn Period in the history of Lu, A Com-mentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals did not describe the history of Lu in detail at the beginning, but depicted the events of "Zheng Bo ke Duan yu Yan" in detail. As the nearest branch of the emperor, Ji's kingdom was closer to the royal family in the late Western Zhou Dynasty, whether in terms of consanguinity or geographical consideration. From the analysis of the relationship between Zheng and the royal family in the Eastern Zhou Dynasty, A Commentary on the Spring and Autumn Annals1 s first detailed description of "Zheng Bo ke Duan yu Yan" was intended to show the decline of the Royal family and to govern Zhuanggong. However, from the overall narrative of Yingong years, there were rivalries between brothers in the first of Yingong year and the end of Yingong year. The former was "Zheng Bo ke Duan yu Yan", the latter was Brother Lu Huanyuan's seizure of the throne. The two events were detailed and obscure, but the same kind of events were written in different ways, because of the principle of taboo, which is also Zuo Shikai. This paper gives a detailed account of the important reasons for Zheng Bo ke Duan Yu Yan's paragraph.