社会保障公平性的测量准则与效果评估

Measurement Dimensions and Effect Evaluation of China’s Social Security Equity

社会保障公平性具有重要的理论价值和现实意义。本文以保证原则、事前原则、事后原则和调剂原则为测量准则,通过构建指标体系,对我国社会保障制度公平性进行全面评估。评估结果显示,2015年我国社会保障公平性指数为41.60。其中,养老保险、医疗保险、最低生活保障三项基本制度,在覆盖范围、准入条件、待遇水平、政府补助四个公平性维度上的差异较大。建立更加公平的社会保障制度,应明确我国社会保障发展的基本逻辑。尤其在公民和保险、有工作者和无工作者几个子变量之间,构建明晰的制度发展路径。

Social security equity has important theoretical value and practical significance.Based on the principle of guarantee,the principle of beforehand,the principle of afterwards and the principle of adjustment,this paper constructs an indicator system to measure the equity of China's social security system.The evaluation results show that the totally social security equity index(SSEI)of China is 41.60 in 2015.The three basic systems of the endowment insurance,the medical insurance and the minimum living guarantee differ greatly in four dimensions of coverage,access conditions,benefit level and government subsidies.Therefore,it’s necessary to clarify the basic logic of social security development in China,especially to construct a clear path of institutional development among the sub-variables of citizenship and insurance,workers and non-workers.